arab spring journal
The drivers of the Arab Spring events have first and foremost been the mobilized masses enabled by technology and youth, the role played by the military and regime security forces, and the intervention by outside forces. The discussion also produced more agreement than this result might suggest because many of the differences stemmed from semantics as to what promotion of democracy entailed.For younger Arab generations, US association with discredited regimes has often been construed as support for corruption and misuse of power.
They call for a series of steps leading to a two-state solution by the end of 2012. The choice among these options could fall to the next Administration, depending on the success of measures to stall the Iranian nuclear programs.The Arab Spring has been a rebuke to extremist ideology calling for violent overthrows of Western-backed regimes. The purpose of this section is not to delve into the myriad political and social causes of collective action; instead, the point is to focus on one major cause of collective action to demonstrate why the nature of the political environment is so critical. Arab Spring Break. Still a MEI expert estimates the Arab Spring events added $10-15 per barrel to the price of crude. Also unclear is the complexities of how the US “will walk and chew gum at the same time” when US interests do not align. If so, the result would be a further disruption in the peace negotiations. The most likely possibility is that its narrative will mutate to sustain new extremist groups, especially if governments do not meet Arab Spring protesters’ expectations. Examining this particular set of literature reinforces the importance of thinking about the surrounding political environment when attempting to assess the role of social media in collective action.If there is one single theme that runs through this literature, it would be the varying role of social media in protests among the different Arab countries (e.g., may function to sustain and facilitate collective action, but this is only one channel of communications amongst many, and processes of political communications cannot be regarded as a fundamental driver of unrest compared with many other structural factors, such as corruption, hardship, and repression. The first way to demonstrate this principle is by looking at the simple correlation between the level of social media penetration and the amount of protest in the various countries. Unfortunately, no direct measure of social media use is available. The article presents two broad theoretical principles. The MEI Scholars looked at the following questions:After the events of the Arab Spring, Bin Laden’s death, and the global pressure the United States and its allies have applied to al-Qaeda’s networks, al-Qaeda’s narrative is discredited and its organization is much weakened. In the Levant, a major center of protest in Syria has been in Hama, the city where Hafez Al-Assad’s forces massacred tens of thousands of Islamists three decades ago. This is exactly what we see in Note: UAE = United Arab Emirates. In the early and proximate periods, there are relatively few searches for media and current events in any of the four countries. In the Gulf, the floor of labor costs is set by the South Asians who work for lower wages than any of the indigenous populations. He stressed that Israel must have a military presence along the Jordan River; that refugee resettlement must be only in Palestine, not in Israel; and that Jerusalem would never be divided. The first looked at the growth rate of Facebook registration in various Arab countries (Therefore, given that changes in searches for new media can provide a good proxy for their uses, our second proxy involved analyzing weekly searches for the term “Facebook” during the nine months from September 2010 to May 2011 based on Google Trends.
Politically, the conflict between Supreme Leader Khamenei and President Ahmadinejad has dominated politics of the past year. The final scale ranged from 0 to 8, indicating the number of days on which significant protests took place during the most intense week in each country.All of the political variables were taken from well-known sources. Our underlying assumption was that we would find relatively fewer searches for political and current event terms before the outbreak of protests, and relatively more after the protests started. A strongly worded UN Security Council Resolution and Arab League and GCC support gave political legitimacy. ... We may use your e-mail address to send you the newsletter and offers that may interest you, on behalf of Men's Journal and its partners. Find out about Lean Library Research off-campus without worrying about access issues. We also assumed that this would be especially true for countries with higher levels of protest, and that such changes in search patterns would last longer in those countries.The first theoretical principle claims that the role of the social media in collective action cannot be understood without first taking into account the political environment in which these media operate. Sign in here to access free tools such as favourites and alerts, or to access personal subscriptionsIf you have access to journal content via a university, library or employer, sign in hereResearch off-campus without worrying about access issues. As in Egypt or Tunisia, Islamist parties in both countries will probably benefit from a more open political posture by the regimes.In Algeria, an especially authoritarian, elitist, corrupt and military-backed regime has put down protests and promised reform.
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